Note 1: Organization and Business

Organization and Nature of Business

Kartoon Studios, Inc. (formerly Genius Brands International, Inc.) (the “Company”, “Kartoon Studios” or “we,” “us” or “our”) is a global content and brand management company focused on the creation, production, licensing, and distribution of multimedia animated content for children. Led by experienced industry personnel, the Company’s core business includes original intellectual property (“IP”) development, third-party IP production services, media agency, and content monetization through licensing and owned distribution platforms.

Kartoon Studios’ owned and produced titles include Stan Lee’s Superhero Kindergarten (starring Arnold Schwarzenegger), Llama Llama (starring Jennifer Garner), Rainbow Rangers, KC! Pop Quiz, and Shaq’s Garage (starring Shaquille O’Neal). The Company’s library also includes titles such as Baby Genius, Thomas Edison’s Secret Lab, Warren Buffett’s Secret Millionaires Club, Team Zenko Go!, Reboot, Bee & PuppyCat: Lazy in Space, and Castlevania. The Company maintains a strategy of leveraging owned IP and third-party relationships to expand distribution and consumer product licensing.

Kartoon Studios also owns WOW Unlimited Media Inc. (“WOW”), through which the Company established its affiliate relationship with Mainframe Studios - one of the largest animation production studios globally. Mainframe Studios is a producer-for-hire for several major streaming platforms and IP holders. To date, Mainframe has produced over 1,200 television episodes, 70 movies, and three feature films, including titles such as Barbie Dreamhouse Adventures, Octonauts: Above & Beyond, Cocomelon, SuperKitties, and Unicorn Academy, in partnership with leading global media companies. In addition, Wow owns Frederator Networks Inc. (“Frederator”). Frederator operates a leading animation-focused creator network on YouTube encompassing over 2,500 channels. Frederator Studios has developed and produced original programming in partnership with Cartoon Network, Nickelodeon, Nick Jr., Netflix, Sony Pictures Animation, and Amazon.

The Company distributes its content across streaming platforms, linear television, and its ad-supported and subscription-based video-on-demand services and apps, including Kartoon Channel! and Ameba TV. Distribution partners include YouTube, YouTube Kids, Amazon Prime Video, Amazon Fire, Roku, Apple TV, iOS, Android TV, Android mobile, Pluto TV, Xumo, Tubi, Samsung TV Plus, Google TV, Cox, DISH, Sling TV, KartoonChannel.com, and smart TVs from Samsung and LG. The Company also licenses content to third-party networks and streaming services globally, including Netflix, Paramount+, HBO Max, and Nickelodeon.

The Company owns Ameba Inc. (“Ameba”), a subscription streaming service with a focus on educational and entertainment content for younger children. As a cornerstone of the Company’s subscription offerings, Ameba delivers a vast library of engaging and educational content, accessible across multiple platforms.

The Company also owns The Beacon Media Group, LLC and The Beacon Communications Group, Ltd. (collectively, “Beacon”), a specialized media and marketing agency focused on children’s and family audiences. Beacon represents over 20 kids and family clients, including Bandai Namco, Moose Toys, Bazooka Brands, Goliath Games, Playmates Toys, Cepia LLC, and Zebra Pens.

Through its investment in Germany-based Your Family Entertainment AG (“YFE”), a publicly listed company on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (RTV: FWB), the Company holds a strategic interest in one of Europe’s leading independent children’s content providers, with a catalog of approximately 150 titles and 3,500 half-hour episodes.

The Company holds a controlling interest in Stan Lee Universe, LLC (“SLU”), which owns the intellectual property rights to Stan Lee’s name, likeness, signature, and associated IP assets.

Kartoon Studios’ common stock is listed on the NYSE American LLC (“NYSE American”) under the ticker symbol “TOON.”

Recent Transactions

ERTC Sale

On July 31, 2025, the Company entered into an agreement to sell its rights to its $0.9 million outstanding Employee Retention Tax Credit (“ERTC”) refund claims to a third party in exchange for cash consideration. Under the agreement, the Company received an upfront payment of $0.5 million equal to 55% of the claim amount upon execution, with an additional payment of $0.1 million equal to 15%, to be paid upon collection from the IRS. The Company is entitled to receive any interest earned on the 15% claim amount if it is collected from the IRS within nine months of signing the agreement. Any interest received from the IRS after the nine-month period will be retained by the lender. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company retains legal title and remains obligated in the event of any disallowance, modification, or reduction of the claim by the IRS. The arrangement includes a recourse provision under which the Company remains obligated to repay amounts advanced in the event of any disallowance, modification, or reduction of the claim by the IRS.

Liquidity, Going Concern, and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had cash and restricted cash of $1.4 million, which decreased by $7.0 million as compared to December 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to cash used in operating activities of $11.8 million and the effect of exchange rate of $0.3 million, offset by cash provided by financing activities of $2.8 million and cash provided by investing activities of $2.4 million. The cash used in operating activities was primarily due to net loss of $19.4 million and net change in operating asset and liabilities of $6.0 million, partially offset by net change in non-cash adjustments of $13.6 million. The cash provided by financing activities was primarily due to net proceeds from production facilities of $2.8 million, cash proceeds from partial disposal of YFE investment of $0.8 million and proceeds from ERTC sale of $0.5 million, offset by net repayment of margin loan of $1.0 million and payments of lease obligations of $0.3 million. The cash provided by investing activities of $2.4 million was primarily due to proceeds from the sale and maturities of marketable securities of $3.8 million and proceeds from the settlement of the Note Receivable of $0.4 million, offset by the investment in marketable securities of $1.8 million and the purchase of new property and equipment of $0.1 million.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company did not hold any available-for-sale marketable securities, and the decrease in available-for-sale marketable securities of $2.0 million as compared to December 31, 2024, was due to a sale of securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for at least one year after the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

Historically, the Company has incurred net losses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company reported net losses of $19.4 million and $15.1 million, respectively. The Company reported net cash used in operating activities of $11.8 million, and cash used in operating activities of $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $758.5 million and total stockholders’ equity of $24.0 million. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had total current assets of $27.1 million, including cash of $0.9 million, and restricted cash of $0.5 million, and total current liabilities of $32.5 million. The Company had negative working capital of $5.4 million as of September 30, 2025, compared to working capital of $1.2 million as of December 31, 2024. In October 2025, the Company closed an offering transaction and received an aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $7.3 million. Management has evaluated the significance of these conditions in relation to the Company’s ability to meet its obligations and noted the Company has sufficient cash resources and projected inflows to fund operations for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this 10-Q. Management has evaluated the significance of these conditions in relation to the Company’s ability to meet its obligations and concluded, that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year subsequent to the issuance of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. Historically, the Company has financed its operations primarily through revenue generated from operations, loans and sales of its securities, and the Company expects to continue to seek and obtain additional capital in a similar manner. In order to address the Company’s capital needs, the Company intends to consider multiple alternatives, including, but not limited to, the sale of equity or debt securities, financing arrangements or entering into collaborative, strategic, and/or licensing transactions. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to complete any such financing, collaborative or strategic transaction in a timely manner or on acceptable terms. As a result, the Company may have to significantly limit its operations and its business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially harmed. In parallel, management also plans to preserve liquidity, as needed, by implementing cost saving measures. While management is taking these steps to improve liquidity, due to the uncertainty surrounding the successful execution and timing of these plans, macroeconomic uncertainty around the impact of tariffs on the toy and related industries, doubt continues to exist regarding the Company’s ability to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date the financial statements are issued.